「Gallium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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無編輯摘要 1 bĭh biĕu-chiĕng: 2017 原始碼編輯 |
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{{twinLAT|鎵}}
{{Infobox element
|name=gali
|enname=gallium
|laname=gallium
|number=31
|symbol=Ga
|left=[[ā-iòng]]
|right=[[germanium|Gecmani]]
|above=[[lé̤ṳ]]
|below=[[Indium|Indi]]
|series=bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
|series comment=
|group=13
|period=4
|block=p
|series color=
|appearance=silver-white
|image name=Gallium1 640x480.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=69.723
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[argon|Ar]]] 3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 3
|color=
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=5.91
|density gpcm3mp=6.095
|melting point K=302.9146
|melting point C=29.7646
|melting point F=85.5763
|boiling point K=2673
|boiling point ref=<ref name=Zhang>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/je1011086|title=Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks|url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231538496_Corrected_Values_for_Boiling_Points_and_Enthalpies_of_Vaporization_of_Elements_in_Handbooks|author=Zhang Y|author2= Evans JRG |author3= Zhang S|journal=J. Chem. Eng. Data|year=2011|volume=56 |issue=2|pages=328–337}}</ref>
|boiling point C=2400
|boiling point F=4352
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=5.59
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=256
|heat vaporization ref=<ref name=Zhang/>
|heat capacity=25.86
|vapor pressure 1=1310
|vapor pressure 10=1448
|vapor pressure 100=1620
|vapor pressure 1 k=1838
|vapor pressure 10 k=2125
|vapor pressure 100 k=2518
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=orthorhombic
|oxidation states='''3''', 2, 1, −1, −2, −4, −5<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/frei/978-3-7281-2597-2.volltext.frei.pdf|author=Hofmann, Patrick |title=Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden|page=72|language=de|date=1997|publisher=PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich|doi=10.3929/ethz-a-001859893|isbn=3728125970}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(an [[amphoterism|amphoteric]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.81
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=578.8
|ionization energy 2=1979.3
|ionization energy 3=2963
|atomic radius=135
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=122±3
|Van der Waals radius=187
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetism|diamagnetic]]
|Curie point K=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=270
|thermal conductivity=40.6
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=18
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=2740
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=9.8
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=0.47
|Mohs hardness=1.5
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=56.8–68.7
|CAS number=7440-55-3
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=69 | sym=Ga | na=60.11% | n=38 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=71 | sym=Ga | na=39.89% | n=40 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=
|naming=after ''{{lang|la|Gallia}}'' (Latin for: France), homeland of the discoverer
|predicted by=[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]
|prediction date=1871
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]
|discovery date=1875
}}
'''Gallium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 31, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Ga.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
第7行 ⟶ 第104行：
==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
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{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
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