「Gadolinium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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Sĭng hiĕk: thumb|right|200px|Gadolinium '''Gadolinium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê... |
無編輯摘要 |
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Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
|number=64
|symbol=Gd
|name=Gadolini
|laname=gadolinium
|left=[[europium|Europi]]
|right=[[terbium|Terbi]]
|above=–
|below=[[curium|Curi]]
|series=lanthanum-hiê
|period=6
|block=f
|group=n/a
|image name=Gadolinium-4.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=157.25
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=3
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 4f<sup>7</sup> 5d<sup>1</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=7.90
|density gpcm3mp=7.4
|melting point K=1585
|melting point C=1312
|melting point F=2394
|boiling point K=3273
|boiling point C=3000
|boiling point F=5432
|heat fusion=10.05
|heat vaporization=301.3
|heat capacity=37.03
|vapor pressure 1=1836
|vapor pressure 10=2028
|vapor pressure 100=2267
|vapor pressure 1 k=2573
|vapor pressure 10 k=2976
|vapor pressure 100 k=3535
|vapor pressure comment=''(calculated)''
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|oxidation states=1, 2, '''3'''
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.20
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=593.4
|ionization energy 2=1170
|ionization energy 3=1990
|atomic radius=180
|covalent radius=196±6
|magnetic ordering=[[ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]]-[[paramagnetic]] transition at 293.4 K
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 1.310
|electrical resistivity comment=
|thermal conductivity=10.6
|thermal expansion=α poly: 9.4
|thermal expansion comment=(at 100 °C)
|speed of sound rod at 20=2680
|Young's modulus=α form: 54.8
|Shear modulus=α form: 21.8
|Bulk modulus=α form: 37.9
|Poisson ratio=α form: 0.259
|Vickers hardness= 510–950
|CAS number=7440-54-2
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=152 | sym=Gd
| na=0.20% | hl=1.08×10<sup>14</sup> y
| dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=2.205 | link1=samarium-148 | pn=148 | ps=Sm}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=154 | sym=Gd | na=2.18% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=0.0812 | link1=samarium-150 | pn=150 | ps=Sm }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=155 | sym=Gd | na=14.80% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=0.0812 | link1=samarium-151 | pn=151 | ps=Sm }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=156 | sym=Gd | na=20.47% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<71.541 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=157 | sym=Gd | na=15.65% | hl=– | dm=(SF) | de=<70.531 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=158 | sym=Gd | na=24.84% | hl=– | dm=(SF) | de=<70.965 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=160 | sym=Gd
| na=21.86% | hl=>1.3×10<sup>21</sup> y
| dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de=1.729 | link1=dysprosium-160 | pn=160 | ps=Dy}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|naming=after the mineral [[Gadolinite]] (itself named after [[Johan Gadolin]])
|discovered by=[[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac]]
|discovery date=1880
|first isolation by=[[Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]
|first isolation date=1886
}}
'''Gadolinium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 64, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Gd.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
第7行 ⟶ 第89行：
==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
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{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
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