「Osmium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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Sĭng hiĕk: thumb|right|200px|Osmium '''Osmium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só. Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-... |
無編輯摘要 |
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Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
|number=76
|symbol=Os
|name=Osmi
|enname=osmium
|laname=osmium
|left=[[rhenium|Rheni]]
|right=[[iridium|Iridi]]
|above=[[ruthenium|Rutheni]]
|below=[[hassium|Hassi]]
|series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=8
|period=6
|block=d
|image name=Osmium crystals.jpg
|appearance=silvery, blue cast
|atomic mass=190.23
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=3
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>6</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=22.59
|density gpcm3mp=20
|melting point K=3306
|melting point C=3033
|melting point F=5491
|boiling point K=5285
|boiling point C=5012
|boiling point F=9054
|heat fusion=31
|heat vaporization=378
|heat capacity=24.7
|vapor pressure 1=3160
|vapor pressure 10=3423
|vapor pressure 100=3751
|vapor pressure 1 k=4148
|vapor pressure 10 k=4638
|vapor pressure 100 k=5256
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|oxidation states=8, 7, 6, 5, '''4''', 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[acid]]ic oxide)
|electronegativity=2.2
|number of ionization energies=2
|ionization energy 1=840
|ionization energy 2=1600
|atomic radius=135
|covalent radius=144±4
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=81.2
|thermal conductivity=87.6
|thermal expansion at 25=5.1
|speed of sound rod at 20=4940
|Shear modulus=222
|Poisson ratio=0.25
|Bulk modulus=462
|Mohs hardness=7.0
|Brinell hardness=3490–4000
|CAS number=7440-04-2
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=184 | sym=Os
| na=0.02% | hl=>5.6×10<sup>13</sup> y
| dm1=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | de1=1.451 | link1=tungsten-184 | pn1=184 | ps1=W
| dm2=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de2=2.963 | link2=tungsten-180 | pn2=180 | ps2=W}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=185 | sym=Os
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=93.6 d | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=1.013 | link1=rhenium-185 | pn=185 | ps=Re}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=186 | sym=Os
| na=1.59% | hl=2.0×10<sup>15</sup> y
| dm=α | de=2.822 | link1=tungsten-182 | pn=182 | ps=W}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=187 | sym=Os | na=1.96% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=2.7202 | link1=tungsten-183 | pn=183 | ps=W }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=188 | sym=Os | na=13.24% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=2.1426 | pn=184 | ps=W }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=189 | sym=Os | na=16.15% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=1.9757 | link1=tungsten-185 | pn=185 | ps=W }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=190 | sym=Os | na=26.26% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=1.3784 | link1=tungsten-186 | pn=186 | ps=W }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=191 | sym=Os
| na=syn | hl=15.4 d
| dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.314 | link1=iridium-191 | pn=191 | ps=Ir}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=192 | sym=Os
| na=40.78% | hl=>9.8×10<sup>12</sup> y
| dm1=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de1=0.4135 | link1=platinum-192 | pn1=192 | ps1=Pt
| dm2=(α) | de2=0.3622 | link2=tungsten-188 | pn2=188 | ps2=W}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=193 | sym=Os
| na=syn | hl=30.11 d
| dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=1.141 | link1=iridium-193 | pn=193 | ps=Ir}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=194 | sym=Os
| na=syn | hl=6 y
| dm=β<sup>−</sup> | de=0.097 | link1=iridium-194 | pn=194 | ps=Ir}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Smithson Tennant]]
|discovery date=1803
}}
'''Osmium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 76, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Os.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
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