「Zirconium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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Sĭng hiĕk: thumb|right|200px|Zirconium '''Zirconium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng gĭng-sṳ̆k, iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng huá-hŏk nguòng-só.... |
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Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
|number=40
|symbol=Zr
|name=Zirconi
|enname=zirconium
|laname=zirconium
|left=[[yttrium|Yttri]]
|right=[[niobium|Niobi]]
|above=[[titanium|Titan]]
|below=[[hafnium|Hafni]]
|series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=4
|period=5
|block=d
|image name=Zirconium_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=91.224
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=2
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[krypton|Kr]]] 4d<sup>2</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 10, 2
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=6.52
|density gpcm3mp=5.8
|melting point K=2128
|melting point C=1855
|melting point F=3371
|boiling point K=4650
|boiling point C=4377
|boiling point F=7911
|heat fusion=14
|heat vaporization=591
|heat capacity=25.36
|vapor pressure 1=2639
|vapor pressure 10=2891
|vapor pressure 100=3197
|vapor pressure 1 k=3575
|vapor pressure 10 k=4053
|vapor pressure 100 k=4678
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close-packed
|oxidation states='''4''', 3, 2, 1, −2
|oxidation states ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openmopac.net/data_normal/zirconium(i)%20fluoride_jmol.html|title=Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=OpenMOPAC.net}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(an [[amphoterism|amphoteric]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.33
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=640.1
|ionization energy 2=1270
|ionization energy 3=2218
|atomic radius=160
|covalent radius=175±7
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 20=421
|thermal conductivity=22.6
|thermal expansion at 25=5.7
|speed of sound rod at 20=3800
|Young's modulus=88
|Bulk modulus=91.1
|Shear modulus=33
|Poisson ratio=0.34
|Mohs hardness=5.0
|Vickers hardness=820–1800
|Brinell hardness=638–1880
|CAS number=7440-67-7
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=88 | sym=Zr
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E6 s|83.4 d]]
| dm1=[[electron capture|ε]] | de1=– | link1=yttrium-88 | pn1=88 | ps1=Y
| dm2=[[gamma radiation|γ]] | de2=0.392[[Delayed nuclear radiation|D]] | pn2= | ps2=–}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=89 | sym=Zr
| na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|78.4 h]]
| dm1=ε | de1=– | yttrium-89 | link1=yttrium-89 | pn1=89 | ps1=Y
| dm2=[[positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de2=0.902 | pn2=89 | ps2=Y
| dm3=γ | de3=0.909D | pn3= | ps3=–}}
{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=90 | sym=Zr | na=51.45% | n=50 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=91 | sym=Zr | na=11.22% | n=51 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=92 | sym=Zr | na=17.15% | n=52 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=93 | sym=Zr
| na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E13 s|1.53×10<sup>6</sup> y]]
| dm=[[Beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.060 | link1=niobium-93 | pn=93 | ps=Nb}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=94 | sym=Zr
| na=17.38% | hl=[[1 E24 s|>1.1×10<sup>17</sup> y]] | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de=1.144 | link1=molybdenum-94 | pn=94 | ps=Mo}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=96 | sym=Zr
| na=2.8% | hl=[[1 E26 s|2.0×10<sup>19</sup> y]]<ref>{{cite web| last=Pritychenko| first=Boris| author2=Tretyak, V. | title=Adopted Double Beta Decay Data| publisher=National Nuclear Data Center| url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/bbdecay/list.html| accessdate=2008-02-11}}</ref>
| dm1=β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup> | de1=3.348 | link1=molybdenum-96 | pn1=96 | ps1=Mo
| dm2=(β<sup>−</sup>) | de2=– | link2=niobium-96 | pn2=96 | ps2=Nb}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|naming=after ''zircon'', ''zargun'' زرگون meaning "gold-colored".
|discovered by=[[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]]
|discovery date=1789
|first isolation by=[[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]]
|first isolation date=1824
}}
'''Zirconium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 40, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Zr.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
第6行 ⟶ 第102行：
==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
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{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
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