「Scandium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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無編輯摘要 1 bĭh biĕu-chiĕng: 2017 原始碼編輯 |
無編輯摘要 |
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Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{twinLAT|鈧}}
{{Infobox element
|number=21
|symbol=Sc
|name=Scandi
|enname=scandium
|laname=scandium
|left=[[Gái (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Calci]]
|right=[[titanium|Titan]]
|above=–
|below=[[yttrium|Yttri]]
|series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=3
|period=4
|block=d
|appearance=silvery white
|image name=Scandium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
|atomic mass=44.955908
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=5
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[argon|Ar]]] 3d<sup>1</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 9, 2
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=2.985
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=2.80
|melting point K=1814
|melting point C=1541
|melting point F=2806
|boiling point K=3109
|boiling point C=2836
|boiling point F=5136
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=14.1
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=332.7
|heat capacity=25.52
|vapor pressure 1=1645
|vapor pressure 10=1804
|vapor pressure 100=(2006)
|vapor pressure 1 k=(2266)
|vapor pressure 10 k=(2613)
|vapor pressure 100 k=(3101)
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|oxidation states='''3''', 2,<ref name="McGuire">{{cite journal|title=Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride|first=Joseph C.|last=McGuire|author2=Kempter, Charles P.|journal=Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=33|pages=1584–1585|year=1960|doi=10.1063/1.1731452|bibcode=1960JChPh..33.1584M }}</ref> 1<ref name="Smith">{{cite journal|title=Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals|first=R. E.|last=Smith | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences|volume=332|pages=113–127|issue=1588|year=1973|doi=10.1098/rspa.1973.0015|bibcode=1973RSPSA.332..113S }}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(an [[amphoterism|amphoteric]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.36
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=633.1
|ionization energy 2=1235.0
|ionization energy 3=2388.6
|atomic radius=162
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=170±7
|Van der Waals radius=211
|magnetic ordering=paramagnetic
|thermal conductivity=15.8
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=α, poly: 10.2
|thermal expansion comment = (at {{abbr|r.t.|room temperature}})
|thermal expansion at 25=
|electrical resistivity=α, poly: 562
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity comment = (at r.t., calculated)
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=74.4
|Shear modulus=29.1
|Bulk modulus=56.6
|Poisson ratio=0.279
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=736–1200
|CAS number=7440-20-2
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=44[[Nuclear isomer|m]]2 | sym=Sc | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|58.61 h]]
| dm1=[[Internal conversion|IT]] | de1=0.2709 | pn1=44 | ps1=Sc
| dm2=[[gamma radiation|γ]] | de2=1.0, 1.1, 1.1 | pn2=44 | ps2=Sc
| dm3=[[electron capture|ε]] | de3=– | link3=calcium-44 | pn3=44 | ps3=Ca}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=45 | sym=Sc | na=100% | n=24 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=46 | sym=Sc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E6 s|83.79 d]]
| dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.3569 | link1=titanium-46 | pn1=46 | ps1=Ti
| dm2=γ | de2=0.889, 1.120 | pn2= | ps2=– }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=47 | sym=Sc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|3.3492 d]]
| dm1=β<sup>−</sup> | de1=0.44, 0.60 | link1=titanium-47 | pn1=47 | ps1=Ti
| dm2=γ | de2=0.159 | pn2= | ps2=– }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=48 | sym=Sc | na=syn | hl=[[1 E5 s|43.67 h]] | dm1=β<sup>−</sup>
| de1=0.661 | link1=titanium-48 | pn1=48 | ps1=Ti
| dm2=γ | de2=0.9, 1.3, 1.0 | pn2= | ps2=– }}
|naming=after [[Scandinavia]]
|predicted by=[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]
|prediction date=1871
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Lars Fredrik Nilson]]
|discovery date=1879
}}
'''Scandium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 21, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Sc.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
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