「Thallium」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方

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無編輯摘要
無編輯摘要
Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
[[File:Thallium pieces in ampoule.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Thallium]]
|number=81
|symbol=Tl
|name=Tali
|enname=thallium
|laname=thallium
|left=[[Cūi-ngṳ̀ng]]
|right=[[Iòng (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Iòng]]
|above=[[indium|Indi]]
|below=[[Nihonium|Nihoni]]
|series=bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=13
|period=6
|block=p
[[File:|image name=Thallium pieces in ampoule.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Thallium]]
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=204.38
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="CIAAW">[http://www.ciaaw.org/pubs/TSAW2013_xls.xls Conventional Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=(204.382–204.385)<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|electron configuration=&#91;[[xenon|Xe]]&#93; 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>10</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup> 6p<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=11.85
|density gpcm3mp=11.22
|melting point K=577
|melting point C=304
|melting point F=579
|boiling point K=1746
|boiling point C=1473
|boiling point F=2683
|heat fusion=4.14
|heat vaporization=165
|heat capacity=26.32
|vapor pressure 1=882
|vapor pressure 10=977
|vapor pressure 100=1097
|vapor pressure 1 k=1252
|vapor pressure 10 k=1461
|vapor pressure 100 k=1758
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=hexagonal close packed
|oxidation states='''3''', 2, '''1''', −1, −2, −5<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic960014z|title=Na<sub>23</sub>K<sub>9</sub>Tl<sub>15.3</sub>:  An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl<sub>5</sub><sup>7-</sup>, Tl<sub>4</sub><sup>8−</sup>, Tl<sub>3</sub><sup>7−</sup>, and Tl<sup>5−</sup> Anions|year=1996|last1=Dong|first1=Z.-C.|last2=Corbett|first2=J. D.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=35|issue=11|pages=3107–12}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a&nbsp;mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.62
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=589.4
|ionization energy 2=1971
|ionization energy 3=2878
|atomic radius=170
|covalent radius=145±7
|Van der Waals radius=196
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=µ
|electrical resistivity at 20=0.18
|thermal conductivity=46.1
|thermal expansion at 25=29.9
|speed of sound rod at 20=818
|Young's modulus=8
|Shear modulus=2.8
|Bulk modulus=43
|Poisson ratio=0.45
|Mohs hardness=1.2
|Brinell hardness=26.5–44.7
|CAS number=7440-28-0
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=203 | sym=Tl | na=29.524% | hl=– | dm=([[alpha decay|α]]) | de=0.9108 | link1=gold-199 | pn=199 | ps=Au }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=204 | sym=Tl
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=3.78&nbsp;y
| dm1=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=0.764 | link1=lead-204 | pn1=204 | ps1=Pb
| dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=0.347 | link2=mercury-204 | pn2=204 | ps2=Hg}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=205 | sym=Tl | na=70.476% | hl=– | dm=(α) | de=0.1567 | link1=gold-201 | pn=201 | ps=Au }}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovered by=[[William Crookes]]
|discovery date=1861
|first isolation by=[[Claude-Auguste Lamy]]
|first isolation date=1862
}}
'''Thallium''' sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 81, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Tl.
 
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