「Bă (gĭng-sṳ̆k)」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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無編輯摘要 |
無編輯摘要 |
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Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
|number=46
|symbol=Pd
|name=Paladi
|enname=palladium
|laname=palladium
|left=[[rhodium|Rhodi]]
|right=[[ngṳ̀ng]]
|above=[[Ngiĕk|Niken]]
|below=[[băh-gĭng]]
|series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=10
|period=5
|block=d
|image name=Palladium (46 Pd).jpg
|appearance=silvery white
|atomic mass=106.42
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[krypton|Kr]]] 4d<sup>10</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 18
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=12.023
|density gpcm3mp=10.38
|melting point K=1828.05
|melting point C=1554.9
|melting point F=2830.82
|boiling point K=3236
|boiling point C=2963
|boiling point F=5365
|heat fusion=16.74
|heat vaporization=358
|heat capacity=25.98
|vapor pressure 1=1721
|vapor pressure 10=1897
|vapor pressure 100=2117
|vapor pressure 1 k=2395
|vapor pressure 10 k=2753
|vapor pressure 100 k=3234
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|oxidation states=0, +1, '''+2''', +3, '''+4''', +5, +6
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=2.20
|number of ionization energies=3
|ionization energy 1=804.4
|ionization energy 2=1870
|ionization energy 3=3177
|atomic radius=137
|covalent radius=139±6
|Van der Waals radius=163
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 20=105.4
|thermal conductivity=71.8
|thermal expansion at 25=11.8
|speed of sound rod at 20=3070
|Young's modulus=121
|Shear modulus=44
|Bulk modulus=180
|Poisson ratio=0.39
|Mohs hardness=4.75
|Vickers hardness=400–600
|Brinell hardness=320–610
|CAS number=7440-05-3
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=100 | sym=Pd
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E5 s|3.63 d]]
| dm1=[[electron capture|ε]]
| de1=– | link1=rhodium-100 | pn1=100 | ps1=Rh
| dm2=[[gamma ray|γ]] | de2=0.084, 0.074,<br/>0.126 | pn2= | ps2=–}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=102 | sym=Pd | na=1.02% | hl=– | dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | de=1.1720 | link1=ruthenium-102 | pn=102 | ps=Ru }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=103 | sym=Pd
| na=syn | hl=[[1 E6 s|16.991 d]]
| dm=ε | de=– | link1=rhodium-103 | pn=103 | ps=Rh}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=104 | sym=Pd | na=11.14% | hl=– | dm=([[spontaneous fission|SF]]) | de=<18.969 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=105 | sym=Pd | na=22.33% | hl=– | dm=(SF) | de=<18.247 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=106 | sym=Pd | na=27.33% | hl=– | dm=(SF) | de=<16.806 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=107 | sym=Pd
| na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E14 s|6.5×10<sup>6</sup> y]]
| dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.033 | link1=silver-107 | pn=107 | ps=Ag}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=108 | sym=Pd | na=26.46% | hl=– | dm=(SF) | de=<16.102 | pn= | ps= }}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=110 | sym=Pd | na=11.72% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>6×10<sup>17</sup> y]] | dm=[[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=1.9997 | link1=cadmium-110 | pn=110 | ps=Cd}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|naming=after asteroid [[2 Pallas|Pallas]], itself named after [[Athena|Pallas Athena]]
|discovery and first isolation by=[[William Hyde Wollaston]]
|discovery date=1803
}}
'''Bă''' (鈀) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 46, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê Pd.
第8行 ⟶ 第98行：
==Cié-chṳ̄==
<math> PdCl_{2} + CO+H_{2}O = Pd\downarrow + CO_{2}\uparrow+ 2HCl(aq) </math>
==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}
{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
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