「Ŭ (gĭng-sṳ̆k)」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
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Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{Infobox element
|number=74
|symbol=W
|name=wolfram
|laname=wolfram
|alt name=tungsten
|left=[[tantalum|Tantan]]
|right=[[rhenium|Rheni]]
|above=[[Mŭk (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|Molypden]]
|below=[[seaborgium|Seaborgi]]
|series=guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
|group=6
|period=6
|block=d
|image name=Wolfram_evaporated_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg
|appearance=grayish white, lustrous
|atomic mass=183.84
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[xenon|Xe]]] 4f<sup>14</sup> 5d<sup>4</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-02/951518136.Ch.r.html|title=Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?|author= Berger, Dan |publisher=Bluffton College, USA}}</ref>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
|phase=gó-tā̤
|density gpcm3nrt=19.25
|density gpcm3mp=17.6
|melting point K=3695
|melting point C=3422
|melting point F=6192
|boiling point K=6203
|boiling point C=5930
|boiling point F=10,706
|critical point K=13,892
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=35.3
|heat vaporization=774
|heat capacity=24.27
|vapor pressure 1=3477
|vapor pressure 10=3773
|vapor pressure 100=4137
|vapor pressure 1 k=4579
|vapor pressure 10 k=5127
|vapor pressure 100 k=5823
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''6''', 5, '''4''', 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[acid]]ic oxide)
|electronegativity=2.36
|number of ionization energies=2
|ionization energy 1=770
|ionization energy 2=1700
|atomic radius=139
|covalent radius=162±7
|magnetic ordering=[[paramagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>{{cite book |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf|chapter=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds| editor = Lide, D. R. | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | edition = 86th | location = Boca Raton (FL) | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8493-0486-5 }}
</ref>
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 20=52.8
|thermal conductivity=173
|thermal expansion at 25=4.5
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=4620
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=(annealed)
|Young's modulus=411
|Shear modulus=161
|Bulk modulus=310
|Poisson ratio=0.28
|Mohs hardness=7.5
|Vickers hardness=3430–4600
|Brinell hardness=2000–4000
|CAS number=7440-33-7
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=180 | sym=W
| na=0.12% | hl=[[1 E19 s and more|1.8×10<sup>18</sup> y]]
| dm=[[alpha decay|α]] | de=2.516 | link1=hafnium-176 | pn=176 | ps=Hf}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=181 | sym=W
| na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=121.2 d
| dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=0.188 | link1=tantalum-181 | pn=181 | ps=Ta}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=182 | sym=W | na=26.50% | hl=>1.7×10<sup>20</sup> y | dm=(α) | de=1.772 | link1=hafnium-178 | pn=178 | ps=Hf}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=183 | sym=W | na=14.31% | hl=>8×10<sup>19</sup> y
| dm=(α) | de=1.680 | link1=hafnium-179 | pn=179 | ps=Hf}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=184 | sym=W | na=30.64% | hl=>1.8×10<sup>20</sup> y
| dm=(α) | de=1.123 | link1=hafnium-180 | pn=180 | ps=Hf}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=185 | sym=W
| na=syn | hl=75.1 d
| dm=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.433 | link1=rhenium-185 | pn=185 | ps=Re}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=186 | sym=W | na=28.43% | hl=>4.1×10<sup>18</sup> y
| dm1=(α) | de1=1.656 | link1=hafnium-182 | pn1=182 | ps1=Hf
| dm2=([[double beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup>]]) | de2=– | link2=osmium-186 | pn2=186 | ps2=Os}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|naming=from German {{lang|ger|''wolfram''}}
|discovered by=[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]]
|discovery date=1781
|first isolation by=[[Juan José Elhuyar]] and [[Fausto Elhuyar]]
|first isolation date=1783
}}
'''Ŭ''' (鎢) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[gĭng-sṳ̆k]], iâ sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 74, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê W.
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==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}
{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
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