「Bèng」調整以後𣍐蜀樣其地方
刪去的內容 新增的內容
無編輯摘要 1 bĭh biĕu-chiĕng: 2017 原始碼編輯 |
無編輯摘要 |
||
Dâ̤ 1 hòng:
{{twinLAT|硼}}
{{infobox element
|name=Bèng
|laname=boron
|alt name=
|number=5
|symbol=B
|allotropes=α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and [[Allotropes of boron|more]])
|left=[[Pì (gĭng-sṳ̆k)|beryllium]]
|right=[[Táng]]
|above=–
|below=[[Lé̤ṳ|Al]]
|series=lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k
|series comment=
|group=13
|period=2
|block=p
|series color=
|appearance=black-brown
|image name=Boron R105.jpg
|image size=
|image name comment=boron (β-rhombohedral)<ref>[[#VanSetten2007|Van Setten]] et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1</ref>
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=10.81
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="CIAAW">[http://www.ciaaw.org/pubs/TSAW2013_xls.xls Conventional Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=(10.806–10.821)<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|electron configuration=[[[Helium|He]]] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 3
|color=
|phase=gó-tā̤
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3mp=2.08
|melting point K=2349
|melting point C=2076
|melting point F=3769
|boiling point K=4200
|boiling point C=3927
|boiling point F=7101
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=50.2
|heat vaporization=508
|heat capacity=11.087
|vapor pressure 1=2348
|vapor pressure 10=2562
|vapor pressure 100=2822
|vapor pressure 1 k=3141
|vapor pressure 10 k=3545
|vapor pressure 100 k=4072
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=rhombohedral
|oxidation states='''3''', 2, 1, −1, −5
|oxidation states ref=<ref name=v1>{{cite journal|url=http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/125.pdf|title=Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF|author=Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. |journal=J. Molecular Spectroscopy |volume=170|year=1995| page=82|doi=10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058|bibcode=1995JMoSp.170...82Z }}</ref><ref>{{cite article|url=https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/binary/KKUKEQ5AXZBNJVU7NJCHZB4UXT2HAGJE/full/1.pdf|author=Melanie Schroeder|title=Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden|page=139|language=de}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[acid]]ic oxide)
|electronegativity=2.04
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=800.6
|ionization energy 2=2427.1
|ionization energy 3=3659.7
|atomic radius=90
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=84±3
|Van der Waals radius=192
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetic]]
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref name=magnet>{{cite book| url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120112012253/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf | title=Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics| publisher=CRC press| isbn=0849304814| year=2000| author=Lide, David R. (ed.)}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=~10<sup>6</sup>
|thermal conductivity=27.4
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=β form: 5–7
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=<ref>{{cite journal |author=Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A.|title=Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron |journal=High Temp. Sci. |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=349–57 |date=October 1973}}</ref>
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=16,200
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness= ~9.5
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=7440-42-8
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=10 | sym=B | na=19.9(7)% | n=5 |firstlinks=yes}}<ref name="NISTic">{{cite web|url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl| title=Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements |author= |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology |accessdate=2008-09-21}}</ref>
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=11 | sym=B | na=80.1(7)% | n=6 |firstlinks=no}}<ref name="NISTic"/> |isotopes comment=<sup>10</sup>B content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. <sup>11</sup>B is the remainder in such cases.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF02165219|title=Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method|year=1990|author=Szegedi, S.|journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters|volume=146|pages=177|last2=Váradi|first2=M.|last3=Buczkó|first3=Cs. M.|last4=Várnagy|first4=M.|last5=Sztaricskai|first5=T.|issue=3}}</ref>
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]] and [[Louis Jacques Thénard]]<ref name="Lussac">{{cite journal|author=Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. |year=1808|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=e6Aw616K5ysC&pg=PA169|title=Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique|journal=Annales de chimie|volume=68|pages=169–174}}</ref>
|discovery date=30 June 1808
|first isolation by=[[Humphry Davy]]<ref name="Davy">{{cite journal|author=Davy H|year=1809|title=An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA140|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|volume=99|pages=39–104|doi=10.1098/rstl.1809.0005 }}</ref>
|first isolation date=9 July 1808
|history comment label=
|history comment=
}}
'''Bèng''' (硼) sê siŏh cṳ̄ng [[huá-hŏk nguòng-só]]. [[Nguòng-cṳ̄ sê̤ṳ-só]] sê 5, huá-hŏk hù-hô̤ sê B.
==Huá-hŏk séng-cék==
第7行 ⟶ 第108行：
==Cié-chṳ̄==
==Chăng-kō̤ cṳ̆-lâiu==
{{reflist}}
{{Ciŭ-gĭ-biēu}}
| |||